Coffey, David

              ORAL HISTORY OF DAVID COFFEY
Interviewed by Keith McDaniel
February 18, 2011
 
Mr. McDaniel: Well, this is Keith McDaniel and today is February the 18th, 2011, and I’m sitting here with Mr. David Coffey, and thank you so much for taking time to be with us. 
Mr. Coffey: Glad to be here.
Mr. McDaniel: Let’s start at the beginning. Where were you born and where did you grow up? And tell me something about your family.
Mr. Coffey: I was born in the depths of the Depression, October 30, 1932, which was within a few months of the absolute bottom of the Great Depression. I had no idea there was a depression going on, of course, growing up. We were all poor, so that wasn’t a big deal. I was in Bristol, Bristol, Virginia, and grew up there. My dad had been in Detroit, went north to make it, make money and then when they tried to give him a manager’s job, he came back south before he got trapped into the north and he ran a community grocery store. He had a small insurance agency he was manager of for a while and then went out on his own and had the grocery store, so I grew up working at the grocery store, helping out with that, delivering groceries and all that goes with trying to take care of a store that way. 
Mr. McDaniel: Now how big was Bristol at the time? 
Mr. Coffey: I think it was about – it hasn’t changed a whole lot. Like Oak Ridge kind of blossomed and then settled into a constant pattern, Bristol, in many ways, stayed very much the same. It has grown some but not hugely. I don’t know what the population was then but I don’t detect a big difference now than what there was back at that time. 
Mr. McDaniel: And Bristol, I guess it was really – it was a little city but it was really more of a rural little city wasn’t it? 
Mr. Coffey: It was. It was where the farmers come in on Saturday to sell their stock at the farmers’ auction spot. The Stockyards, we called it, but during the week, we had King College where my wife and I went to college and we had Virginia, Intermont, and Sullins College, so it was a neat little community, mostly grew up around the railroad that came down through there. Norfolk Railroad joined with Southern Railroad, and eventually became Norfolk & Southern, but came right through Bristol. That was one of the main depots, and in my early life experience, I remember once I managed to stop a train out on the tracks, dead in its tracks, one of my more [laughter] memorable experiences.  
Mr. McDaniel: [laughter] 
Mr. Coffey: I was busy doing like all kids do, I was out putting a penny and letting the train flatten it. When I tried to get out of the way up against the little abutment, when the engineers saw me that close to the track and backed up against the concrete, he hit all the emergency stops and brought it to a stop and I got chewed out, royally. [laughter] 
Mr. McDaniel: I bet! How old were you when that happened?
Mr. Coffey: I probably was maybe ten, something like that, old enough to know better but not to do better. 
Mr. McDaniel: Yeah, well, and how did that go over when you got home? 
Mr. Coffey: I don’t think I ever mentioned that little story. 
Mr. McDaniel: Is that right?
Mr. Coffey: I don’t recall mentioning that to my dad; he was pretty stern. 
Mr. McDaniel: You were probably wise beyond your years, weren’t you? 
Mr. Coffey: At least in that regard. I understood how that was working. 
Mr. McDaniel: Now did you have any brothers or sisters? 
Mr. Coffey: Yes, I had an older brother and a younger brother and a still younger sister, so I was the second in the family. And we all became interested in science for some reason. I’m not quite sure why. We had chemistry sets and that sort of thing, but my dad had, actually, not even graduated from high school. He said, “When football season was over, that was it” for him. In his senior year when football season was over he went off to go to work up north. My mother had graduated from the junior college there and so she was more the academic side but my dad was very challenging and academic. 
He always studied. He never slowed down; he was energetic in that. He smoked heavily, so he didn’t make it too far. My mother did make it too far, not too far, never does, but she made it to ninety-three, so she did fine. 
Mr. McDaniel: Well that’s good, that’s good. So you went to school there.
Mr. Coffey: Yes, and interested in science. Got into science because my brothers and I all – our sister did not get involved for some reason. Girls go off and do their own thing. 
Mr. McDaniel: Right. 
Mr. Coffey: But the two brothers and I were all interested in science. We were always playing with the chemistry set and burning something, half-igniting the house and everything else. So my older brother had gone to King College and got a scholarship and went to King College to study chemistry and eventually went on to North Carolina and got a Ph.D. in chemistry and worked for DuPont for most of his career. My younger brother went on – we, all three, went to King College. My younger brother went to King, studied in Physics, as I did, and he graduated from there, went on to North Carolina and got him a Ph.D. in Physics and, from there, ended up in California, worked principally in California in high-speed transportation. Actually worked with me for a while in Oak Ridge in some of the magnet work, so that’s where we got started off, anyway.
Mr. McDaniel: So you went to King College and you studied science, I guess. 
Mr. Coffey: Right, studied Physics, majored in Physics and Math and when I graduated, came to Oak Ridge. Oak Ridge was “Science City” and that was a fascinating place that everybody was kind of fascinated with the Oak Ridge story and when I looked around for what I was going to do, coming out of college, one of the opportunities was to teach high school, was offered the job to teach high school there locally and the other was to come to Oak Ridge and, actually, the Oak Ridge job paid two dollars a week more and I said, “I’m going for the money.” [laughter] 
Mr. McDaniel: [laughter] There you go. What year was that when you came to Oak Ridge?
Mr. Coffey: 1955.
Mr. McDaniel: So by that time, Oak Ridge was really developing all their research.
Mr. Coffey: Actually in many ways Oak Ridge, at that point, was in an in-between period. At that point, the War days were over. There was a question in what does Oak Ridge do from there, because Oak Ridge was a temporary city, set up – much of the housing, much of what was done was temporary, and yet we had a National Laboratory here and we had Y-12, and the Cold War had generated in a major way by then. So Oak Ridge was beginning to perk, but we didn’t quite know where we were going from there and it took a little while before some of the alternate programs and other things began to pick up and make Oak Ridge a more active city than at that time. 
Mr. McDaniel: So you came in ’55. Were you married at that time?
Mr. Coffey: I was married shortly after I got here. My wife was finishing up. She was one of these bright ones that’d finished college in three years – and I was lucky to do it in four years – but when she graduated – we didn’t meet until she came to King, and for her last year, actually. She came out of Virginia, Intermont College, and came over. She’d been in Tennessee High School; I was Virginia High School, so I didn’t even know her until we met at King College, and then we got serious. After I came to Oak Ridge, after I graduated, she came later, in the summer, when she graduated during the summer term, and came on down and we joined here, actually lived in Knoxville for the first year of our lives. She was teaching in Knoxville schools and then she started having babies and raising a family and we were all Oak Ridgers from then on. 
Mr. McDaniel: All Oak Ridgers. When you moved into Oak Ridge, where did you live? 
Mr. Coffey: Lived on Tennessee Avenue in an “E2” apartment, a delightful place, right across from the hospital. Interesting neighbors, fascinating neighbors, a policeman that I’d just love to sit out and hear his stories in the evenings, reading the paper in the evening. But the “E” apartments were a good place to be during those years. 
Mr. McDaniel: Sure, so what did you do? Did you work at the Lab?
Mr. Coffey: At that time, I was working at ORAU [Oak Ridge Associated Universities]. And at that time it was not ORAU; it was ORINS [Oak Ridge Institute of Nuclear Studies].
Mr. McDaniel: It was ORINS, yes it was. 
Mr. Coffey: Oak Ridge Institute of “Unclear [Nuclear] Studies,” we used to call it.
Mr. McDaniel: Right.
Mr. Coffey: [laughter] But I was working at Special Training Division of ORINS, working basically with training people in radio isotope techniques, measurements of radiation, how to handle the radioactivity. We had people who were M.D.s, teachers, a number of different specialty areas who came to get trained in how to measure, how to behave, how to handle the radioactivity. 
Mr. McDaniel: And they came from all over the country, didn’t they? 
Mr. Coffey: From all over the country, right. A very interesting group, especially the teachers, because we were trying to teach many of them during that time how to go out in the field to encourage science in the high schools. We had some great speakers come in from Harvard, Princeton, and all around who were training the trainers to go out and do these things. Interesting times, and I worked there with – one of the most interesting people I think I’d run into was Dr. Rona, Elizabeth Rona, who had worked with Madame Curie in the early days. Dr. Rona wrote a book titled Where It All Began and not very widely-circulated. I’ve still got one somewhere back in all the stacks. But working with Madame Curie, in the early days – she came from Hungary and had a very thick accent from her Hungarian days – she had been Madame Curie’s star counter. Star counters, back in those days, were people who used a spinthariscope. A spinthariscope was a little magnifying glass that you put on your eye and then you looked at the atomic reactions that were going from the alpha particles hitting the screen and fluorescing it, much like a TV, a little flash on the TV, and you have to sit there and count how many hit in which spot at one time. So she was working with Rutherford and Chadwick and some of the early pioneers and came to Oak Ridge from that and was working on dating sea cores and how the sea waters and how the earth had developed. 
Mr. McDaniel: You know I interviewed Roger Cloutier a couple of weeks ago.
Mr. Coffey: Ah, yes! Roger’s a good friend, a super guy. 
Mr. McDaniel: Yeah, he was talking about working at ORINS and he mentioned her as well. 
Mr. Coffey: He came after that. Dr. Rona told some interesting stories about radiation in those early days in the laboratories there in Hungary. She said, “We were not concerned much about the radioactivity and so we frequently had radioactive, pretty intense radioactive sources, radium sources, typically, hanging on the wall by the desk. And many of the people died from that, of course, later. She said, “We actually had to move out of one of our laboratories there because we had contaminated it so much, we couldn’t make our measurements in the laboratory. And so we had to move to a different building, so we were able to make our measurements.” I tell people she probably – maybe that radioactivity got to her, too, but she was ninety-three when she finally died of cancer in Oak Ridge. 
Mr. McDaniel: Is that right? My goodness.
Mr. Coffey: [laughter] Yes, so she had a long, productive life. 
Mr. McDaniel: Yeah, the more we learn about things, I think the more we’ve discovered that there’s a lot of things that are genetic that we used to think were environmental.
Mr. Coffey: Yes, [laughter] that’s right, and the truth of the matter is we have radioactivity in our bodies. People don’t think about that aspect of it because you don’t see it, hear it, feel it, but every two minutes in your body, you’ve got a million little nuclear explosions going on. And when you really look at the detail of what’s going on, inside your body is some pretty powerful nuclear explosions all the time. 
Mr. McDaniel: Sure, so in ’55, you came and you worked at ORINS. And how long were you at ORINS? 
Mr. Coffey: Three years. 
Mr. McDaniel: Okay.
Mr. Coffey: I was there until 1958. Took a job at ORNL working in the Thermonuclear Division at that time. It’s called Fusion Energy now, so ORINS changed the name, the Thermonuclear [Division] changed its name. We were a small group, I guess probably fifty or sixty people, very bright scientists in that group, trying to work on the fusion processes and how to control that and how to control the hydrogen bomb, essentially, to generate power. I was working on the magnetic side of it with Dr. Gauster. He was Herr Professor Doctor Gauster. 
Mr. McDaniel: Is that right? 
Mr. Coffey: He had come from Vienna, a very distinguished life over there, but he had worked with the Nazis. During the Second World War, he was working with them in undersea detection of – and degaussing ships, so that they couldn’t get away from the bombs and the undersea things that were trying to trap them and sense them as they came by and trigger. He was brought to North Carolina State originally and ORNL had hired him from NC State. I got to join him as one of the workers with him, a Research Associate, I think they called us. We were basically doing magnetic field calculations and designing magnets. We cranked the computer a lot out there, the old ORACLE computer, one of the first really powerful computers that Oak Ridge had. We’d send batches of calculations over to them. They would grind through the night and they’d come back and we would try to analyze them, plot it all up and make sense of it and redesign and configure the machines from that. 
Mr. McDaniel: Sure, well, I guess coming to Oak Ridge was – and you being so interested in science – it was a very exciting time for you, wasn’t it?
Mr. Coffey: It was. I guess at that age, everything’s pretty exciting anyway, but it was exciting times. It was exciting people to work with. There were – P. R. Bell’s one that you probably have heard of. P. R. was pure genius, a brilliant guy who, in some ways, drove folks crazy. Herman Postma used to say that P. R. could take one data point and extrapolate it further than anyone he ever met. 
Mr. McDaniel: [laughter] 
Mr. Coffey: But P. R. had great insights, not great sight; he had real difficulty. He had two lenses on his eyeglass and when he had to look at something to actually read it, he would have to turn down both of those lenses and read it with one eye. 
Mr. McDaniel: Really?
Mr. Coffey: I had been told – I’d never asked P.R. about it – but I’d been told that that blindness came from radiation exposure at MIT some years before, in an accelerator there. It could’ve been; I really don’t know. But he had a photographic memory that was just incredible. We had, at one point, designed the very complex there for fusion work, that was the DCX2 machine, it was called. The diagram that showed all the magnets and the configuration and the chambers and all that went with it extended probably twenty feet down the wall and covered one whole wall and P. R. could tell you any part of any detail on that thing, where all the bolts were. 
Mr. McDaniel: Is that right? 
Mr. Coffey: He was fantastic in his memory and his ability to grasp all that. We used to go to the Davis Brothers Cafeteria at lunch, and Dr. Snell, who was the Head of the Lab, of the Division at that time and P. R. and a few others would go and it was fun talking to him. He could talk on almost any subject. He was the world’s foremost authority, whatever it was. 
Mr. McDaniel: Whatever it was. [laughter] 
Mr. Coffey: He knew something about it. [laughter] 
Mr. McDaniel: Yeah, I’ve run into a few people like that occasionally. 
Mr. Coffey: Yeah, there are some of those around, still. 
Mr. McDaniel: That is true. Okay, so you were at the Lab and you were doing that. How long did you stay in doing that work? 
Mr. Coffey: Twelve years. I didn’t mean to. Actually, when I signed into the Lab, when they asked me about signing up for the retirement plan, I said, “No, I’m not going to retire here. I don’t want to even tempt myself to retire here. I’m going to go into business eventually.” So I was determined to do that, but I stayed there for twelve years because it is fascinating work and it’s fascinating people, going off to international conferences and working with magnet specialists from all around the world. That was a challenging and interesting time and so it took some time before I finally decided to hitch it up and try to actually go out on my own. And I started doing that in the evening even while I was at the Lab. I started, called it Research Electronics, initially. We weren’t really doing any research electronics, but we were building Geiger counters, very simple Geiger counters, early on. Got some help from some of my friends at the Lab, and my wife was working on it during the day while I was at the Lab and while she was raising children. She would solder up parts and type some letters for me and everything and I would come home in the evening and try to work through the rest of it and put together promotional things that we’d try to do to advertise it. It started out in the spare bedroom of our house and then, as we moved to another house, out of the apartment into another house, it was in the spare bedroom and then we finally built a house and it was in the basement. And eventually we got it out of the house and out to be a real job. 
Mr. McDaniel: Why did you think you could be successful as that? I mean, not you specifically, but why did you think there was a market for that, for those kinds of products? 
Mr. Coffey: Well from my work at ORINS, I was working with the radiation detection equipment and I knew from what I was doing there that the schools were not getting very good equipment for their use for training the students and getting people excited in those sciences. Because I had had direct experience with it, I knew what was on the market and what was going and much of what we were using for these people, for the secondary education were actually research electronics that we were trying to twist to that use. What I was trying to do was try to make simplified versions of these that could be used very well in the schools and were economical enough for the schools and so that’s why I called it research electronics. It became the nucleus as we went along but I sort of knew what the market was and then I just went off to try to fill that little niche that I spotted. 
Mr. McDaniel: Right, so you eventually built a house and had it in your basement and you eventually moved into a real building! 
Mr. Coffey: Well, it was a semi-real building. We actually moved into – the City of Oak Ridge had their – part of their little entrepreneurial thing, they had a building that they made available to people who had startup companies, and we rented a space in that. It worked well except when it rained and drowned out everything and the floors were wet. It was a pretty rough environment, but it was a start. It gave us the opportunity to get going. We had another group that was trying a similar thing that was working on tobacco leaves and they were sorting it out in the next adjoining bay from us, and they were over cussing and cussing all night while we were working on our electronics. 
Mr. McDaniel: [laughter] 
Mr. Coffey: An interesting time, but it was not a very pretty situation. It’s not something that you could really show off. Eventually I did go out and bought a little building over in Solway, right across the bridge there and we let the company grow up pretty substantially from that small building. It cost fifteen thousand dollars, and at that time it was a big deal. 
Mr. McDaniel: What year was that? 
Mr. Coffey: That must’ve been about 1972, thereabouts, because by then I had come out of the Laboratory and was working on it full-time. While I was working at the Lab, I couldn’t work on magnetic stuff outside because I thought that would be a conflict of interest. The nuclear part, the nuclear detection and all was something I was not doing at the Lab, so I could do that. That was from my earlier days at ORINS, so I could work on that. 
Mr. McDaniel: Sure. So your company was called The Nucleus? 
Mr. Coffey: The Nucleus, right. 
Mr. McDaniel: Okay and you got this building in Solway and I guess you began to grow. Tell me the evolution of that. 
Mr. Coffey: Yeah, we were beginning to grow, right. At that time, when I left the Lab, then I started American Magnetics. Now I could use my magnet technology and start a superconducting magnet business, because I pretty well knew that what goes into superconducting magnets, what makes them click and not click, and there were a few companies in it, some very big ones: Westinghouse, GE, names like that that were going after these in a big way. I felt like there were not very many going after the rest of the market, and I was willing to do that. It was never a very profitable thing except I did sell the company, and that was fairly profitable. Later the employees who stayed behind with the company bought it back from the company that we sold it to. We sold it to Dow Sonics on the West Coast. Dow Sonics was going through some time and it turns out they were looking toward making an MRI machine, one of the first MRI machines. In fact, in this whole process, we built an MRI machine for them which was the first refrigerated MRI machine anywhere, they said. 
Mr. McDaniel: Is that right? 
Mr. Coffey: And I think it probably was. They were quite up-to-date on it, but they had troubles in their market area and they were acquired by somebody else, so everything shuffles around. American Magnetics was growing up right in the same building with us for a quite a while and I ran the two parallel courses, initially planned to actually put them together, but my partner there working with me on the nuclear side didn’t want to do that. He felt it was too much distraction for me. So I just did that distraction over to the side and still pressed on. 
Mr. McDaniel: Sure. So what was the evolution of the business, then, of The Nucleus? 
Mr. Coffey: The Nucleus then came along and we began to get progressively better instrumentation, managed to hire a few of the folks from ORNL. We were using technicians in the evening, doing a lot of our specialized work in that side, eventually we were hiring full-time people and full-time staff that was cranking along on that. As we got more sophisticated, we finally came back into the city – and I’m not sure what year that was – but we moved Nucleus back into the city with our own building that we built over on Emory Valley Road and began to be more professional about it; we had something respectable enough. People could visit and really believe something real was going on. At that point, I got Tom Yount to come join my Board of Directors. Tom was the president of ORTEC [Oak Ridge Technical Enterprises Corporation] and ORTEC was our big brother. They were a group of scientists who’d come out of the Lab. They really knew what they were doing. Where I came out of the bedroom working this thing, these guys came with bigger money and bigger ideas and knew what they were doing, so Tom did agree to come over and be on my Board, I think, just long enough to be sure I wasn’t a problem and then he [laughter] resigned. 
Mr. McDaniel: That’s what I was about ask you. Was ORTEC doing the same thing as you were doing? 
Mr. Coffey: They were similar. They were more advanced. ORTEC and Tennelec were making it for the research community and more sophisticated electronics. What we were doing was a step down from what they were doing, but I guess after Tom got off of my Board, we had begun to get more sophisticated. We had begun to make, first, single-channel analyzers and then multi-channel analyzers and we were beginning to step on their toes a little bit in some of those. We weren’t really a concern for them until an idea came along that actually came from a customer. One of our customers called me talking to me about our multi-channel analyzer, which was a little separate box as big as a computer, bigger than present-day computers. He said, “Why don’t you put that analyzer inside my PC?” At that time you could get the PCs and you could plug in all these other boards. He said, “Can’t you put it in there?” I said, “I don’t know. I’ll talk to my engineer and see,” so I went back and talked to my chief designer on that and I said, “Can that be done?” And he said, “No, the electronic environment is just too noisy. It’s like trying to have a discussion in a real busy restaurant or something. It’s just too much noise; you can’t do it.” And I said, “Well, think on it. If you can think of any way to do it, let me know. Can you shield it? Is there any way you can do it?” A couple of days later he came back and he said, “There is a way to do that, I think.” I said, “Well, go for it; let’s see if it’ll work” and I said, “Basically, what is it?” And he said, “We stop all that other noise at one point. We stop what the computer is doing and we do the critical analysis during that quiet time and then we go back to the computer. We can handshake it to do that.” Turned out it worked, so we put out what we called the PCA, the Personal Computer Analyzer, which was just a board. The beauty of it was that little analyzer sells for about three thousand dollars, or at that time sold for about three thousand dollars, and it was replacing a thirty thousand dollar machine. There were a number of businesses around, ORTEC one of them, Nuclear Data and others who were making these machines, and their machines were costing ten times what this little thing would cost and it did the same thing. 
Mr. McDaniel: Yep!
Mr. Coffey: Well, that’s kind revolutionary. 
Mr. McDaniel: Sure.
Mr. Coffey: I thought, strategically, how are they going to react to this? Well, all they can do is shoot me or they can – 
Mr. McDaniel: Buy you, I guess!
Mr. Coffey: No, make the same thing. 
Mr. McDaniel: Sure, exactly. 
Mr. Coffey: I didn’t have any proprietary right to it. They could go off and do the same thing. Well, in fact, they did. But we were far enough along then that we maintained ours, and I still have calls from people who got some of those early boards and are still using it. It works great just doing the same thing and it’s a fantastic piece of equipment even today. 
Mr. McDaniel: My goodness, that’s pretty amazing.
Mr. Coffey: So later on then as we were going along with that, Tennelec got in trouble. Now Tennelec and ORTEC were head-on competitors because they were working at the high-end as we were moving into it with our multi-channel analyzer. 
Mr. McDaniel: Sure, but at the beginning you were, kind of, really more in the academic, the lower end, the less expensive.
Mr. Coffey: That’s right. Teaching, we were actually selling to some big schools. Michigan State bought, actually, a truckload of equipment. I drove a truck up there once to deliver a truckload of equipment to them, but for some of their introductory courses, not for their research and the high-end thing but for some of the elementary stuff. ORTEC and Tennelec were the other side. Actually when Tennelec started, Ed Fairstein was leaving the Lab, he was working in Instrument Controls and he was leaving, so he talked to me about starting up and what he was doing and what his ideas were just generally. I knew and respected Ed because I knew of his work at the Lab. He came along and with some big money behind it and built a very nice building and was doing the sophisticated electronics, but they got in trouble. When they got in trouble, their employees kept coming to me, looking for employment and I finally called Ed and said, “Ed, I can’t hire all these folks that are coming over from your crew. Obviously, you’ve got a problem. Is there anything I can do to help?” And he said, “Well, I don’t know. Come talk to me. Let’s talk a little bit.” So I went over and talked to him. He said, “We’re at the end of our rope. We are going to be acquired and here’s sort of the basis that we’re going to be acquired on,” and they were going to be acquired by an outside company. Actually Tracor Northern, I think it was, that was about to acquire them, from Illinois. He said, “Here’s what we’re trying to do. Is there anything that you think you can do on it?” I went back and looked at it and said, “Yeah, we could do that,” so I took it to my board of directors and I said, “Here’s what I would like to do.” And they said, “You’ve got to be crazy. You’re going to get yourself – you are so overcommitted. What they’ve got is quite a bit more than what you can carry.” But when they finally heard I really wanted to do it, I was just determined to do it, they said, “Okay.” And actually, my accountant said, “Don’t do it,” my attorney said, “Don’t do it,” and I said, “Well, I’m going to do it; somehow I’m a go make this thing happen.” 
Mr. McDaniel: [laughter] Right.
Mr. Coffey: They were basically right; I was in over my head. We got almost to the point of bankruptcy in going through this, but we managed to get through it and join the two companies, became Nucleus/Tennelec. Now we were covering the high-end electronics, the very sophisticated thing. Ed Fairstein was still there, still working with us for many of those years. He’s passed on now, and Tom Yount has too just recently, but he was still there working more on a consulting basis. As one of the staff there said, “Ed’s best designs are in the wastebasket.” And I said, “How does that work?” He said, “Well, Ed would design and design and he was so sophisticated, so good at it that those things that could be sold out in the market are in the wastebasket. He had the one that’s beyond what could be [laughter] sold.” 
Mr. McDaniel: Right, right, exactly.
Mr. Coffey: Interesting, though, but it worked out. Overall that combination of the two of Nucleus/Tennelec worked well, and we eventually sold it to a British company, which turned out to be Oxford Instruments. And they, in turn, ended up selling it back to Canberra and Canberra – by then it was beginning to split off. Some groups of them were going off doing other things, doing what I did, and some staying with it. Ken Berra tried to take the whole thing up to Connecticut, and one of the key people there – I could’ve told them it was going to happen that way – but one of the very key scientists who had come, had joined us from ORNL, had told them “no” he wouldn’t go, and they were smart enough to know if they went without him that that business was gone. They could not make it work, so they took pieces of it but not the whole thing. 
Mr. McDaniel: Right, right, interesting. I worked for Oxford for about a year. 
Mr. Coffey: Did you? 
Mr. McDaniel: Early, when I first moved to Oak Ridge, I think it was ’94, I was a graphic designer and just starting to do a little bit of video work and so I worked at the building there on the Turnpike where Nucsafe is now.
Mr. Coffey: And Nucsafe was a spinoff of ours also. 
Mr. McDaniel: That’s exactly right. The guys that I worked for are the ones that started Nucsafe, the guys I worked for at Oxford.
Mr. Coffey: And actually Rick, who started Nucsafe, came from ORTEC to us to our Tennelec Group. 
Mr. McDaniel: Oh!
Mr. Coffey: We had a fantastic guy who came from ORTEC: Jim Mugianis had headed up Tennelec Division. I was running Nucleus and I needed someone to handle that part over there, which was quite different from what we were doing. Although we were sister corporations, it was quite different. I had tried to hire Jim at one point and he told me, “no.” He was very energetic, a very bright guy. But later on when my company president left, he had thrown up his hands, he just couldn’t work with the engineers and he left. Jim called me and said, “You’ve got the job open that I would like to have.” And I said, “Uh-oh,” I said, “I’ve already promised it to one of my Board of Directors.” I had talked to Bob Dilworth, who had also come out of ORTEC, but he was retired at that time. I said, “Let me talk to Bob. Let’s see if it’s possible.” So I talked to Bob and told him that Mugianis was available. I said, “Would you be interested in stepping aside and letting him step in to that spot?” And he said, “He’d be the right one for it.” 
Mr. McDaniel: Oh, well good. 
Mr. Coffey: So Bob did step aside and Jim was an absolute gem – probably the one fellow I’m working with now and Jim Mugianis were two of the most impressive business people I ever ran into. Jim, like myself, had been trained in physics and when everything got real tough, he’d go to the blackboard and start writing equations, just relaxing his mind. But he was a fantastic people person. He could interact so well. He was analytic in his approaches but he wasn’t analytic to the point of being remote. He was totally connected with the people. I remember on one occasion he went down to the Shipping Department and told the two people I think we had there working that, “I’m going to work with you today” and they said, “Oh, my gosh, the company president’s going to be sitting there work with.” He just wanted see how that operation works, what he could do to improve on it, what they were doing, what their problems were. He was so good at that. He would go on the road with the salesmen, and I remember Joe Bradley telling once that Jim got him laughing so much going down the road, he literally had to pull off to the side of the road. He said, “I was about to wreck the car.” Jim was an exciting guy. He would sleep with his eyes open. 
Mr. McDaniel: Really?
Mr. Coffey: Actually his eyes were partially closed and partially open. I’ve spent the night in the same room with him and it looked a little spooky. But he was so energetic. He grew up in Wilmington, Delaware area, of Greek descent. He was Greek through and through and a challenging businessman. He’s just a joy to work with.
Mr. McDaniel: Well that’s great, so Tennelec/Nucleus, you sold to Oxford. Is that correct?
Mr. Coffey: I sold it to Oxford. We sold the American Magnetics, and it was a fair-sized sale at that time. We sold it because I was trying to figure how do we get into that next step, the MRI market, because the MRI, the magnetic resonance machines, required superconducting magnets to be effective and that was obviously the developing big area in that technology. So in trying to figure how to get into that, I headed up to talk to a couple of Wall Street folks. I managed to get to have lunch with them and said, “Okay, I need to know who I can team up with to get into the European market, in particular, with some of the magnet technology, and here’s the sort of thing we’re doing.” They talked to me and led me toward Dow Sonics. They said, “This is the one that’s probably a good one in this area,” so we finally sold that off and it was little bit over – I think it’s $1.3 million. It was a pretty good sale at that time for an amateur outfit that came that far along. We had some good technology and it was working well, but with Nucleus, we were quite a bit bigger. We had a fairly substantial group, I think about a hundred and thirty people at that point. When we decided, here, too, how do we get into the European side of the market, because the euro was coming along. This was a big time. Right now, the euro’s a pain, trying to figure how to handle that common dollar over there, essentially. Their euro is a problem, but we were trying to figure are they going to essentially cut us out and the European folks will be generating and producing the European products? So in doing that, we finally teamed up with, ultimately, Oxford. It was a different company that had teamed up with us, but it ultimately was Oxford that was the one that was behind all that. In doing that, it was a pretty good sale because that was now up in the twenty million dollar range, so it was a big operation. When they took over, they brought in their new manager, and he came in and said, “Well, I’m going to need to build some barriers to your office so people come to talk to me.” And I said, “You don’t have to worry, I understand.” I said, “You’re the president now; you’re running it. I understand I’ve got to get out of the way,” and I said, “I’ll be up on the hill in my house if you need me. I’m available any time you want, but I’ll stay out of the way.” And it was kind of grim seeing it because he came in and did cutting much like what the governments are having to do right now because some of the expenses had gotten out of line, and of course, I didn’t agree with what they were doing, but it was not my choice at that point. I was not in control, so largely I had to step to the side and watch what was going on. The technology and the business continued. A lot of the people did not and that’s hard to watch that kind of operation go on.
Mr. McDaniel: Now was your ownership share completely out? 
Mr. Coffey: Completely out, yes. 
Mr. McDaniel: Right, I understand, and when was that?
Mr. Coffey: That was in 1995. Approximately 1995. I sold out, had made that transition, and at that point, essentially trying to go into retirement or something or being less active, but I was still involved. But about that time, Randy McNally talked me into running for the legislature. 
Mr. McDaniel: Right, okay, so tell me about that. 
Mr. Coffey: That must’ve been about 1998 because I had already gotten into the legislature before we went through all that, but when Randy talked me into doing that, he was the State Rep, Buzz Elkins was the Senator. Buzz was retiring and Randy was going to run for Buzz’s seat, so he called and asked me. He said, “Are you seated?” and I said, “Yeah, what’s cooking, Randy?” And he said, “I need to talk to you about something.” He said, “I want you to run for the legislature.” And I said, “Uhh, I don’t think so.” And he said, “Yeah, I understand, I understand, but I really need you to run for it. I’m looking for somebody that will run to take the seat that I’m about to leave.” And I said, “Well Randy, I’ve got business, I’ve got family, and I’ve got too much obligation here.” And he said, “And in case you haven’t noticed, the rest of us are the same. 
We don’t have a professional legislature. We all have a job; we all have a family.” And I said, “Well, okay, I’ll go home and talk to my wife,” but I said, “I don’t think that’s something I’d want to do.” Pat said, “I think that’d be interesting. I think you’re pretty much at the end of what you got going there. This would be a good thing for you to get into.” I think she’s regretted those words. So I ran and barely won, just a very squeaky margin. 
Mr. McDaniel: Who ran against you then? 
Mr. Coffey: I ran against – now you’re going to test my memory. She was the head of the Congress lady’s office, Marilyn Lloyd’s office here, so she knew everybody and she was –  
Mr. McDaniel: Very well-connected.
Mr. Coffey: – out in public more than I was. I was in the public because I was involved in the civic activities at Rotary Club, I’d been involved in Jaycees for years as I was growing up and then in the Rotary later, so I was involved at that. I guess I would never have run for it and certainly never had won except that I had been Rotary President and knew a lot of people from that and that helped out a lot. Joanne Garrett is the one who ran against me and just about beat me. 
Mr. McDaniel: Is that right? So that was mid-’90s. 
Mr. Coffey: That was mid-’80s. I may have slipped a decade on you. It was 1986 that I went into the legislature and served till ’96 for ten years in the legislature. 
Mr. McDaniel: Okay, so what did you have, two-year terms? 
Mr. Coffey: Two-year terms, so I had to – I ran five times, mostly without opponent, certainly without serious opponent as I was going along and Joanne was the only one that was a serious opponent. After I’d been in there for a while, I had started writing an article for the Oak Ridger and trying to tell them of some of the rest of the talk of what was going on down in Nashville and the two sides of particular arguments and kind of where I was coming down, keeping it to a short article each time, and I’d built up enough rapport with the public that it really wasn’t possible to challenge from then unless I stepped into it. 
Mr. McDaniel: Sure, exactly, they knew you, they knew what you stood for and they trusted you at that point. 
Mr. Coffey: Had to shoot myself if I was going to be shot down, and that happens a lot. 
Mr. McDaniel: Oh, I understand. So that was from ’86 to ’96. 
Mr. Coffey: Right.
Mr. McDaniel: Okay and what made you decide not to run again? 
Mr. Coffey: When I went into the fifth term, into my last term there, I told them in the legislature, as I came back down, I got up and made the announcement to all of them, I said, “Now some of you do this very quietly and set up the next person, I’m not doing that, I’m going to let you know right now, this is my last term,” I’m a go off and do other things, I’ve got other things I’d like to do,” and so I was headed out. It turned out, that as in ’94, I guess, because that term was in ’94 through ’96. And then in mid-year ’95, my older son had a plane crash and he was gone. 
Mr. McDaniel: Oh, my.
Mr. Coffey: So it’s a good thing I decided to come out of the legislature at that time because I had other things to take care of. 
Mr. McDaniel: Sure, sure. 
Mr. Coffey: It wasn’t just going to get to travel around with my wife and enjoy the world and retired life. He had left on his computer instructions that if anything ever happened to him and his flying for me to step in quickly, because he had talked to me about his business, and to sell it quickly because it came apart at the seams, and I knew he was telling the truth because he had talked to me about some of his problems and I didn’t know how to solve them. It was personnel problems, key personnel, and when you have key personnel at each other’s throats, you’ve got a big problem, especially in a small organization. So I knew – first of all, I was in despair from losing him. He was flying his private plane; he and I both were pilots at that point. He was flying to Hilton Head; he had a vacation home over there and flying, taking his mother-in-law with him over to meet the family over at Hilton Head for a weekend vacation. Pat and I were off on a cruise over in the middle of the Atlantic when we had got word that he was gone. 
Mr. McDaniel: Oh my goodness. 
Mr. Coffey: And just literally couldn’t talk. I mean, I remember back home and after the funeral, Governor Wilder had called me and talked to me and I just choked. I couldn’t even talk, you know, it was so bad. In time, you adjust and everything, you know, chapters go by in your life and you get on with it, but here I was now with his business trying to sell it. His wife, his widow, had two children, one pre-teen, one early teens, and trying to handle all of that. We couldn’t find a buyer and now the key man’s gone. It’s a very small business; they had I think a dozen people, something like that. We were trying to figure out to proceed with it. His widow had a CPA over in Nashville who was working with her and trying to sell it, and he and I, neither of us could find a buyer. Nobody was willing to really jump into that, so he finally called me and said, “You need to buy this business to settle the widow’s estate.” And I said, “Man, that’d take, you know, I don’t know what it would take.” But he said, “Well, you know what we’ve been trying to get for it is probably what – all we could hope for.” And I said, “Get it appraised and let me see. If there’s a way I can do it, I’ll do it. I don’t know whether I can do that.” It was a big chunk of mine to do that, but I did it. Actually, I tried to get him to buy it and he wouldn’t do it. He did have other businesses he was working, and he was quite a bit younger, but he said, “I absolutely can’t do it, no way I can do it.” So I said, “Okay, I’ll do it.” Now, I felt bad about that because here I am into a business I don’t know with people that I know – a challenging situation. I’d already – by that time, I had sat with them, and trying to go through the whole situation and keep it settled down. One of these two key people that my son just thought if he left, the business stops, that he just couldn’t do it. If either of these two key people were put in charge, and he really wanted to put one of them in charge and get off to his vacation home over there and enjoy the life better, but if he put either of them charge, he thought the other one would leave and it would kill it. So when I got in there, now I’ve got the problem. Now how do I figure it out? First it’s on bended knee and begging them, “Don’t leave. This is a very small crew and you’ve worked with them. Stay with us a while, while I sort this out.” I finally named neither of them the president. I named our accountant, our financial guy, as the new president and in that way sort of neutralized it. But one of them left anyway. But by the time he left, I’d figured out how to get around it and how to get someone else to fill in behind him. Consequently the business did well and it grew, and now fifteen years later, almost sixteen years later, it’s more than ten times, it’s about twelve times as large as it was back then, so it has progressed well. 
Mr. McDaniel: Well, good. It was a bad situation. 
Mr. Coffey: It was.
Mr. McDaniel: But you make the best you can of it. 
Mr. Coffey: Make the best of it and do what you can. That’s right, and press on.
Mr. McDaniel: And I’m sure your son would be very proud of that. 
Mr. Coffey: I hope so! It was trying times, and he would’ve made a success out of it. He would’ve found the right keys; there’s no question in my mind. But literally, once he was out of it, it could’ve come apart very easily. 
Mr. McDaniel: So are you still involved? 
Mr. Coffey: I am. I’m one of a three-man board. My other son is on the board and that other great manager I mentioned is the president. He’s our second president. The financial man we put in there stayed with us for ten years at it and finally moved on, but the young man I brought in to take his place, again surprised him because he was not the one likely in position for it, but I had moved him into it because I had learned a respect for what he was doing and he understood the customers more than anyone else and he seemed to work well with people.
Mr. McDaniel: Where is the business located, Oak Ridge? 
Mr. Coffey: It’s in Knoxville over at Dutchtown Road. We’ve now built a new building for it and we moved into that. It’s Securities Service Network; we are a brokerage business doing stocks and bonds and all that sort of thing, the very business that’s been so trying for everyone the last few years, but we’ve done okay through that. We went through it smoothly, as smoothly as anybody, and everything is perking very well. In fact, I will continue on the board for the foreseeable future, but I’ve brought my other son in to be sure that we’ve got succession there, and one thing I do is succession planning. I guess Steve taught me that, my older son, when his plane crashed and he had had foresight enough to leave on the computer some instructions what to do. I didn’t know he had done that. He had thought it through that much, and it taught me that anybody can leave at any moment. You’ve got to be ready. Now, they may just throw up their hands say “I’ve had it and I’m out of here,” the car may crash; you never know what’ll happen in this world. So one of the things I always do with the business is have a succession plan for each of the key employees. I require that be updated once-a-year, and that I have that list of names and phone numbers of where do we turn next for these people if you’re gone. So that’s a helpful thing, and to recognize in the real world that you do run into those situations. 
Mr. McDaniel: Right. That was your older son, is that right? 
Mr. Coffey: The one who was killed in the crash, right. 
Mr. McDaniel: That’s right. What about your other children? 
Mr. Coffey: Our daughter, she graduated – all three graduated from UT – she graduated in computer science and took a job with a company, NCR at that time, in South Carolina, and met her husband, who turned out to be a Gator. He’s a Florida grad, University of Florida. Now we have a UT and a University of Florida. A delightful family. They live in South Carolina and she’s very active as the mom there. She has now a son who’s just in college and a daughter who is close to going out and on to college next year and two adopted children. When the son and daughter got to their early teens, she called one day and said, “I need to talk to you about something. Eddy and I have decided we’re going to adopt a child.” And I said, “Really?! That is a surprise.” And she said, “I just wanted to make sure you’re not going to have any big problem with it.” I said, “Why no, you know, if you can handle it, more power to you.” I later told her it sounded so exciting that her mom and I decided we’d do that, too. 
Mr. McDaniel: [laughter] 
Mr. Coffey: [laughter] Let her worry about that one! 
Mr. McDaniel: There you go. 
Mr. Coffey: But she adopted a son straight from the birth mother and this was in South Carolina. She’s in Lexington, South Carolina, Columbia. She adopted the son from the birth mother; this was a mother who had – she had the child out of wedlock. She was from Puerto Rico. The father was black, a big, husky black, and I never met either of them. My daughter met the mother but never the father. But the mother, the biological mother, said she absolutely could not raise the child, and she apparently had gone through this before. But a delightful boy, I’ll tell you what, this guy is something else. He’s about six years old now and when he was about a year old, they went off to China and adopted a girl from Xi’an, China. X-I-A-N, of where the clay soldiers are. My wife and I along with the daughter, right after she graduated from UT, we took her on a trip over there, down through Central China, and we had actually been to Xi’an and it turned out that’s where she managed to get her daughter. The daughter had been abandoned in a bus terminal and was being raised in an orphanage and I told her, “You need to be alert that there could be a mental problem from someone being tossed out, essentially, at that age. Could be a real problem.” Did she ever not have to worry about that; this little gal, Chloe, is something else. She is just as lively and upbeat as can be, and so that combination, those two young ones, this is quite a family. 
Mr. McDaniel: I bet, and you’ve got young grandkids again. 
Mr. Coffey: Yeah, young grandkids, and now the son, Mike, who is here, has his business here in Oak Ridge, and this is a spinoff business from American Magnetics. 
Mr. McDaniel: Oh!
Mr. Coffey: Two of the guys who were with American Magnetics, when I left there, later spun out and started Crowell Magnetics, a separate company. They went along for a few years and I interacted with them on that. Early on, I tried to keep some distance. I had in my contract that I could do that, but I still didn’t really want to jump into that, and I was occupied otherwise, but they wanted to get into it and so I assisted them along for a while. Then they brought in a fellow who was running it and then he eventually left, and at that point, they came to my son Mike, who had graduated from UT and then Michigan in Electrical Engineering. He was working for Bell Lab, but he had worked with them during the summer. Good for the offspring to work with you and they get that experience. But they knew Mike and they knew he had had the engineering background and they thought he could come in and work with them, so he did that and he’s been the company president ever since and for many years. So he’s brought that one a long way. 
He travels the world, installing and selling and working with the scientists and installing this equipment. 
Mr. McDaniel: Well, that’s fascinating, that really is, and I guess you’re proud of him as a science person, for him to follow in Dad’s footsteps, sort of. 
Mr. Coffey: In fact, had a fellow from Knoxville come to me with a big idea that he’s cranking up over there right now, and I think it’ll make it work. It’s going to have three thousand employees within five years, in the technology area, high-tech area. But he wanted to talk to me about magnets and I said, “You need to talk to Mike, my son Mike, not me.” So we both met with him to go over what he’s doing and give him some ideas and interact and help out with it. 
Mr. McDaniel: Well, good, so what are you doing now?
Mr. Coffey: Trying my best to retire, but I don’t retire easy. My daughter sent out her little Christmas letter one year and announced in there that I was retiring again. She said, “He must really like retiring because he’s done it so often.”
Mr. McDaniel: [laughter] Right. 
Mr. Coffey: Because I retired out of the business once I sold the business, and then I retired from the legislature. 
Mr. McDaniel: Right. 
Mr. Coffey: When I came out of the legislature, though, I came out with a passion. Down there, I became convinced that of all the Mickey Mouse things we did, and we did plenty, education was the only one that really made sense, that convinced me that we were doing something significant. Getting that four-lane between here and Clinton and the four-lane between here and Knoxville were big achievements, and I thought that was a big part of what I did there, but the other one was some education work that we did that was revolutionary for the country in terms of taking the value-added analysis, those techniques that came out of UT, adopting that for the state and actually looked to see how much are the kids learning in the class. Not just how long has the teacher been teaching but are they learning? Turns out people weren’t doing that; nowhere, really was anybody doing that in an effective [way]. But Dr. Sanders, at UT, had presented his work to the legislature and we managed to adopt it. I think that was in ’92. It was a big deal under McWherter and working with the administration and with the other legislators to understand what he was doing, appreciate it. He was probably one of the three folks that I ran into, in all the time down there, that really made sense in education. It’s so easy to talk with all the problems and all the other stuff, you know, everybody wants to talk about the budget and the busses and all the football and everything else, but when you get to the academics, it’s hard to penetrate to make some sense. The other three, one of them was Chancellor Manning, who really was very straight and intelligent in what he’d [been] going into – most of the others were after the money. I used to call them “the Bombay Beggars.” They would come to Nashville with their hand out, looking for money, and some distinguished people, but that was their job because that’s where the money was and that’s where they came. But one of those that I heard down there, testifying to the Education Committee, who really made sense, and every time I’ve quizzed him since then I got straight answers, was a professor from ETSU, an education professor, who was working with a foundation up in Arlington, Virginia, eventually called it the Education Consumers Foundation. After I got out of the legislature, I started working with him. Every day I work on it: yesterday I worked on it; last night I worked on it. I interact with him daily. I’m working on it daily. I’m meeting with people in the schools, school boards, school board chairs. He is my deep resource. When I was in the electronics business, I had the people I went to who really knew what goes on down in that electronics. I didn’t know; I could not solve that problem. In education, I don’t know, I can’t solve that problem but I know who knows and I know I can sort out between that when he tells me exactly, “Here’s what works,” I can sort through it to see, yes, he’s got the proof that it really does. We brought in a man from Kennewick, Washington, to speak to the legislators and other educators down in Nashville and he helped me understand just how he made it work out there. Well, it was my education professor who put me onto him and then, with that, my wife and I have supported it and put our money behind it to help this thing get going. More recently, we have worked with Senator Frist and Governor Bredesen in getting the changes through the legislature last year with his Tennessee Score Group. So it’s complicated, it’s an ongoing thing, and as one of the good experts they had in on that said, “We’re only ten percent of the way there.” We may have come in at the very top of all the states in the race to the top in saying, “We’ve got some ideas and some ways to make this thing right.” But an idea is worth – they come a dime-a-dozen. Making it work is what’s tough and the other ninety percent is the implementation and that’s where we are now is getting that implementation done and that’s why I still work on it every day because, really, it’s not about the educators, it’s about the kids, and if you’re not worried about the kids and down at that level, you’re not getting it done, I think. That’s my passion. 
Mr. McDaniel: Good! That’s good!
Mr. Coffey: [laughter] My wife says, “Don’t get him started on that.”
Mr. McDaniel: [laughter] There you go. You’re like me sometimes: you carry your soapbox around and, occasionally, you have to climb up on it, don’t you? 
Mr. Coffey: I jump on that thing and I’m on education. 
Mr. McDaniel: Well this has been great. We’ve talked for about an hour and is there anything that I’ve not asked you about that you would like to talk about?
Mr. Coffey: Well, one of them is Oak Ridge itself. 
Mr. McDaniel: Yeah!
Mr. Coffey: My wife and I are living over in Lenoir City, over on the lake, and that’s mighty nice. I love waking up in the morning and having the office at home and being able to go up and do my exercises and try to stay healthy as I can, study a lot, be on the computer a lot, interact back and forth, but Oak Ridge has an aura of its own. People don’t understand Oak Ridge, so many people don’t understand. A fellow came to build some condos here, and we had actually signed up to move into one of those condos because I would like to be in something like that, in Oak Ridge. I’d like to be on the Waterfront in Oak Ridge. What waterfront? About three houses on the waterfront here.
Mr. McDaniel: True.
Mr. Coffey: We have tied up our most valuable resource probably in a great waterfront. We have a beautiful area, an unused waterfront. Eventually we’ll sober up, the world eventually comes around to doing the right thing. But right now, where we are, we’ve said, “Okay, for these years we will enjoy it there on the lake.” We’ve moved over there and run back and forth to Oak Ridge. We still go to church here and I come in for Rotary and e-Tech but that Oak Ridge thing is something people don’t understand. As a fellow came in from New Jersey, setting up these condos, I talked to him about it, I said, “You’re trying to sell the bricks-and-mortar; you need to sell the sizzle, you know? When you sell the steak, you’re not selling the steak, you’re selling the sizzle.” 
Mr. McDaniel: Sure!
Mr. Coffey: “Oak Ridge has got a sizzle that you don’t appreciate,” and he tried to hear it but he never picked up, he never understood. He used a whole different approach and that may work somewhere else, but Oak Ridge with – we are ‘Science City,’ we have a history, and in some ways a very short history, and in some ways a very deep history. B. Ray Thompson coming down from the backwoods, countryside around here and what he has done and his business career and what his dad did, what the scientists did coming in here and what they did with the nuclear weapons and the separation, most of the money that was spent on the atomic bomb was spent right here in separating that material. What’s going on in Iran right now? They’re trying to separate material. Building a bomb, you can get that off the web; getting the material is something else. 
Mr. McDaniel: Yeah.
Mr. Coffey: Hopefully the big solution for the world is to get all that kept under control in the right ways and that’s a big, tough process. But we’re right at the core of it, the technology, knowing what’s going on in science. Much of it is mathematics; part of it is understanding concepts and how all this fits together, but much of it is in the mathematics. When you look at what goes on in the deep physics of the nuclear reactions and all, Einstein didn’t understand it. He couldn’t figure quite how to fit his ideas of gravity with the ideas of the quantum effects that are going on down at that level and no one has really coupled that well yet. Oak Ridge is at the heart of it. You can’t go out there and sell that to somebody trying to buy a condo, but you can sell the fact that we have a respect for education here that is second-to-none. What we do at Oak Ridge High School is just incredible. Our other schools are so-so. They are good, and some public is exceptionally good. We score straight A’s on our achievement levels. We’ve got some ways to go to get all of it right but, overall, we do as good a job or better job than anybody else in the state and one of the best in the country. Some of our students come out – one of our graduates that I’m aware of that came out of Oak Ridge High went to MIT [Massachusetts Institute of Technology] and started as a sophomore at MIT. He skipped his freshman year because what he had learned at Oak Ridge High.
Mr. McDaniel: Wow.
Mr. Coffey: One of my friends came to Oak Ridge – he’d moved here from Kingsport – and he said, “I thought I was pretty smart, pretty good. I came into the class – they put me in a Spanish class – and I went in there and nobody spoke any English. It was Spanish Emersion and I’d never seen a Spanish Immersion, nobody’s speaking English. Oh, my gosh!” He said, “I went into the Chemistry class and some of the students before the class started, some of the students were sitting there, with their back to the Periodic Chart and one of the other students would call off Xenon and the other one would call off the atomic number, the atomic weight, and start through all this.” He said, “I was so lost, you couldn’t believe.” 
Mr. McDaniel: Right!
Mr. Coffey: He said, “I was one of the better students in my school, but it took me some time to get up-to-speed in Oak Ridge.” We have a fantastic – it’s like a private school, but it’s a private school with the upside and the downside. We have the other side as well, and you need to experience the whole world. So Oak Ridge has got a sizzle. Some of it is these folks that come in from overseas and are the scientists here and their kids, and frequently they’ll be winning those top prizes in science and all, but our kids are getting challenged along with it in a great system like that. And we have some super teachers there, so from the education side, which is where it’s at, we’ve got something here. We’ve got a sizzle here in Oak Ridge that doesn’t go away, I don’t think. 
Mr. McDaniel: Right and it’s always been there. 
Mr. Coffey: It has!
Mr. McDaniel: From when everybody moved to Oak Ridge in the ’40s to work on the Manhattan Project, it was completely unique. 
Mr. Coffey: Yes, and everything that went on there and all the secrets, and we still got those secrets. I listened to a speaker this morning who gave his whole talk and didn’t tell anything that you could take away from it, because he can’t. 
Mr. McDaniel: Right, exactly!
Mr. Coffey: [laughter] That’s the world he’s in; he can’t talk about those things. Actually, when I was in business and had been at the Lab, one of my associates came in one morning and said, “You’d never believe what I heard over at The Elks last night.” And I said, “Like what?” And he said, “One of the secrets of the bomb.” I said, “Come on, not at The Elks.” He said, “There at the bar.”
Mr. McDaniel: Is that right?
Mr. Coffey: And I said, “Are you sure you really heard?” And he said, “Here’s what I heard.” And I said, “Oh, I’ve never heard that. You may be right. That sounds bad that somebody’s letting that loose.” So I called to George Jasny, a friend of mine, and I said, “George, obviously you’re qualified to know, I’m not, but I heard one of your top secrets got out last night over at the bar, at The Elks.” And he said, “I’ll be surprised.” And I said, “Well, let me tell you who it came from and what it was and then you take it from there.” And I told him, and he said, “Oh, my God.” 
Mr. McDaniel: Oh.
Mr. Coffey: “Oh, my God.” And I said, “I was afraid that that really was a little key.” He said, “I’ll take care of it.” And that manager wasn’t there two months later. 
Mr. McDaniel: Is that right? 
Mr. Coffey: They had his retirement party and he was out. He just couldn’t hold his liquor. And that’s the story of secrecy, you know? If you cannot maintain some of that, you can’t work in those areas, so it’s got to be that way. Oak Ridge got that sizzle, though, you know? Underneath there’s a lot of stuff going on, whether it’s looking at the atom or looking at the stars; we’ve got a lot going on and it’s a fascinating place, like a college campus without being the college campus. 
Mr. McDaniel: And it’s also, you know, Oak Ridge has always been – part of that sizzle is the cultural aspects of Oak Ridge. 
Mr. Coffey: Very much. We’re hillbillies, in part. We talk like hillbillies, in part, and some of us talk like Yankees. Not I [laughter]. But it’s interesting in that combination between the two and that’s a fascinating city from that and close enough to Knoxville that we still get all those advantages and the Eastern U.S. You can drive anywhere overnight; you can be to Florida or to New York or to Boston – 
Mr. McDaniel: In a day.
Mr. Coffey: – you name it, you’re there. It’s a convenient place.
Mr. McDaniel: Well, good! Well, thank you so much for taking time to talk with me and sharing this. 
Mr. Coffey: Thank you, Keith, and good luck with your project; it’s very worthwhile. 
Mr. McDaniel: Thank you. 
[end of recording]